Understanding Catatonia
When the body freezes or agitates uncontrollably — what is catatonia?
What Is Catatonia?
Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric condition involving significant changes in motor function, behaviour, and responsiveness. It can involve either extreme immobility or excessive, purposeless agitation.
It can occur in the context of many conditions including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and medical conditions.
How It Presents
Stupor — lack of movement and response to the environment.
Catalepsy — maintaining unusual postures.
Waxy flexibility — limbs stay in the position they're placed in.
Mutism — little or no verbal response.
Negativism — opposing or not responding to instructions.
Agitation — excessive motor activity without purpose.
Echolalia — repeating others' words.
Treatment
Catatonia is a medical emergency that requires professional treatment.
Benzodiazepines (such as lorazepam) are often rapidly effective.
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) can be life-saving in severe cases.
Identifying and treating the underlying condition.
Supportive care including nutrition and hydration.
With proper treatment, many people recover fully from catatonic episodes.